Graphics and Visual Communications Management, Chapter 1

Name:

Alina Cancel

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Graphics and Visual Communications Management, Chapter 1

Answers can be found in the Graphics and Visual Communications Management, Chapter 1 document, posted under CONTENT in D2L.

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Graphics and Visual Communications Management, Chapter 1

1.     Document design decisions: List 10 questions you should consider when designing a document that affect readability and visual appeal of the document:

1. How should the  document arrangement be

2. How lengthy should the text lines be (Typography)

3.  What font to use

4  How much white space should I use

5. In what way do I use visual design to show the hierarchy of data

6. What alignment should be used

7. What size font

8. Should there be section headings

9 Should I use graphics

10. Placement of graphics

2.     Page layout considerations:

What is the size of the standard size/layout of most business reports, memos, and letters?  6 ½” Column on an 8 ½ by 11” page

What is the purpose of a grid in page layout design? It splits the page into units and allows consistent placement of text and graphics.

Why would a designer choose a multi-column layout instead of a single column layout? Because it allow you to turn the page to landscape orientation while keeping text line to readable length.

What is the importance of “white space” in page layout design? white space can enhance readability, help to highlight important points, and lighten the overall look of the document

What is the optimum line length of a line of text? between 35 and 70 characters (or between 8 and 12 words)

What happens to readability if the line is too short?  Because they break up units of words that the reader expects to read together.

What happens to readability if the line is too long? Require the reader to move his or her head to read to the end of the line, thus causing fatigue

Describe these text alignment terms: Fully justified: When text is set flush left and flush right Left justified: The lines of type align along the left margin Right justified: is set flush right, the lines of type align along the right margin Centered: Is centering the lines one over the other so that both the left and right sides are ragged.

3. Font/file  considerations:

Describe the difference between serif fonts and sans serif fonts: A serif typeface has small, horizontal strokes that extend from the end of the vertical strokes and sans serif typeface lacks those small horizontal strokes.

2. List three serif fonts and change them into their actual font (for example: Times New Roman): a.  Garamond b. Times New Roman c. Georgia

3. List three sans serif fonts and change them into their actual font (for example: Verdana): a. Franklin Gothic b. Gill Sans c. Verdana

4. What is a PDF file and why are PDF files commonly used? PDF files are portable across computer platforms and will look identical on Windows and Macintosh operating systems. It commonly used because it guarantees that your electronic document will look as you planned no matter what PC it is viewed on.

5. What happens if a font in the document is NOT installed in the computer?   Substitute fonts will be used.

6. With regard to font size: 1 point equals how many inches? One point is equal to 1/72 of an inch

7. What is the optimum point size range for good readability? within the range of 9 to 12 points.

8. Define these terms with regard to font size: a. x-height distance between the baseline and the mean line b. ascender goes above the baseline c. descender under the mean line

9. Explain why some fonts may appear larger than others even if they are the same point size. Because it has a larger x-hght

10. a. What is leading? (NOTE: This pronounced “led-ding” NOT “leeding”) The amount of space between lines of text.   b. Why is leading “set solid” not advised? Because it require the reader to read more slowly to avoid taking in the next line of text before finishing reading the line above.

11. When is it most appropriate to use type styles such as bold and italics? To emphasize a word or phrase,

12. WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO READ BLOCKS OF TEXT THAT ARE ALL IN UPPER CASE? The consistency forces the reader to work hard to separate between letters and to identify words at a glance.

13.  Explain the basics of using fonts, font sizes, and styles to create a hierarchy of information. In a lengthy document: I a lengthy document no more than two fonts should be used in a document. Heading font’s styles can help the reader distinguish highlight different levels in the document.

4. Document design exercise: Follow the directions below to practice the design principles found in this chapter. You need to be in MS WORD to complete this assignment.   You may want to print these directions so you can more easily follow them as you work through this exercise. Go to the end of this document: CTRL END Insert a page break to create a new page: CTRL ENTER Type in this title: Document Design Considerations Select the title by dragging the cursor over the title text.  Try the following shortcuts to change the style of the title: ·        CTRL I        (italics, repeat to un-italicize) ·        CTRL U       (underline, repeat to remove underling) ·        CTRL B       (bold, repeat to un-bold—leave the title bold) ·        CTRL R       (right justify) ·        CTRL L       (left justify) ·        CTRL E       (center—leave the title centered) ·        SHIFT  CTRL  >  (increase font size, do this several times, then SHIFT CTRL < to decrease font size) ·        SHIFT   F3 (change case,  NOTE: F3 is one of the function keys at the top of the keyboard. Try this shortcut several times to cycle through the cases) ·        CTRL D    Design, opens FONT dialog box; change colors, fonts, sizes, styles; try many of these Body:  Press the ENTER key twice after the title. Press CTRL L to left justify the body. Change the font to CALIBRI and font size to 11 points (no bold or italics, etc.). Type in the following formula to create 3 paragraphs of “fill text” with 7 sentences in each paragraph: =rand(3,7)   then press the ENTER key to create the fill text Click in the middle of the second paragraph. TRIPLE-click to select the paragraph. Try these shortcuts with the selected paragraph: ·        CTRL M      (to indent or move the paragraph; SHIFT CTRL M to move it back) ·        CTRL 2       (double space, CTRL 1 to single-space—leave as single-spaced) ·        To create columns: On the ribbon: PAGE LAYOUTàCOLUMNSàTWO Save this file with CTRL S

Document Design Considerations

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab. You can also format text directly by using the other controls on the Home tab. Most controls offer a choice of using the look from the current theme or using a format that you specify directly. To change the overall look of your document, choose new Theme elements on the Page Layout tab.

To change the looks available in the Quick Style gallery, use the Change Current Quick Style Set command. Both the Themes gallery and the Quick Styles gallery provide reset commands so that you can always restore the look of your document to the original contained in your current template. On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document look. You can easily change the formatting of selected text in the document text by choosing a look for the selected text from the Quick Styles gallery on the Home tab. You can also format text directly by using the other controls on the Home tab.

Most controls offer a choice of using the look from the current theme or using a format that you specify directly. To change the overall look of your document, choose new Theme elements on the Page Layout tab. To change the looks available in the Quick Style gallery, use the Change Current Quick Style Set command. Both the Themes gallery and the Quick Styles gallery provide reset commands so that you can always restore the look of your document to the original contained in your current template. On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document look.